What is Free Evolution?
Free evolution is the notion that the natural processes of living organisms can lead them to evolve over time. 에볼루션 무료체험 includes the appearance and development of new species.
Many examples have been given of this, such as different kinds of stickleback fish that can live in salt or fresh water, and walking stick insect varieties that favor specific host plants. These reversible traits can't, however, explain fundamental changes in body plans.
Evolution by Natural Selection
Scientists have been fascinated by the evolution of all the living creatures that live on our planet for many centuries. The most widely accepted explanation is Charles Darwin's natural selection process, an evolutionary process that is triggered when more well-adapted individuals live longer and reproduce more successfully than those less well adapted. Over time, a community of well-adapted individuals increases and eventually becomes a new species.
Natural selection is a process that is cyclical and involves the interaction of three factors: variation, reproduction and inheritance. Variation is caused by mutation and sexual reproduction both of which increase the genetic diversity within an animal species. Inheritance refers to the transmission of a person's genetic traits, including recessive and dominant genes to their offspring. Reproduction is the process of producing fertile, viable offspring which includes both asexual and sexual methods.
All of these elements must be in harmony for natural selection to occur. If, for instance an allele of a dominant gene causes an organism reproduce and survive more than the recessive allele The dominant allele will become more prevalent in a group. If the allele confers a negative advantage to survival or lowers the fertility of the population, it will be eliminated. The process is self reinforcing, which means that an organism that has an adaptive trait will live and reproduce much more than one with a maladaptive characteristic. The higher the level of fitness an organism has, measured by its ability reproduce and endure, is the higher number of offspring it will produce. Individuals with favorable traits, such as a longer neck in giraffes, or bright white color patterns in male peacocks are more likely to be able to survive and create offspring, so they will make up the majority of the population in the future.
Natural selection is only an element in the population and not on individuals. This is a significant distinction from the Lamarckian evolution theory that states that animals acquire traits through use or lack of use. If 에볼루션 코리아 extends its neck to catch prey and its neck gets longer, then its children will inherit this characteristic. The differences in neck size between generations will continue to increase until the giraffe becomes unable to breed with other giraffes.
Evolution through Genetic Drift
Genetic drift occurs when alleles from one gene are distributed randomly within a population. At some point, one will reach fixation (become so widespread that it is unable to be eliminated by natural selection), while the other alleles drop to lower frequencies. In extreme cases this, it leads to one allele dominance. The other alleles are eliminated, and heterozygosity is reduced to zero. In a small population, this could lead to the total elimination of recessive alleles. This scenario is called the bottleneck effect and is typical of an evolutionary process that occurs whenever a large number individuals migrate to form a population.
A phenotypic bottleneck may also occur when survivors of a disaster like an outbreak or mass hunt event are concentrated in a small area. The survivors will have an allele that is dominant and will share the same phenotype. This could be caused by a war, earthquake, or even a plague. Regardless of the cause the genetically distinct group that remains could be prone to genetic drift.
Walsh, Lewens and Ariew define drift as a deviation from the expected values due to differences in fitness. They provide a well-known instance of twins who are genetically identical, share identical phenotypes and yet one is struck by lightning and dies, while the other lives and reproduces.
This kind of drift could be very important in the evolution of a species. However, it is not the only method to develop. The primary alternative is a process called natural selection, in which the phenotypic diversity of an individual is maintained through mutation and migration.
Stephens argues there is a significant difference between treating drift like an actual cause or force, and treating other causes such as migration and selection as forces and causes. He claims that a causal-process explanation of drift lets us differentiate it from other forces, and this distinction is crucial. He also argues that drift is both direction, i.e., it tends to reduce heterozygosity. It also has a size, which is determined by population size.
Evolution through Lamarckism
Biology students in high school are often exposed to Jean-Baptiste lamarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution, often referred to as “Lamarckism” which means that simple organisms develop into more complex organisms adopting traits that are a product of the organism's use and misuse. Lamarckism is usually illustrated with the image of a giraffe stretching its neck longer to reach leaves higher up in the trees. This could cause the longer necks of giraffes to be passed on to their offspring who would then grow even taller.
Lamarck Lamarck, a French Zoologist, introduced an idea that was revolutionary in his opening lecture at the Museum of Natural History of Paris. He challenged the previous thinking on organic transformation. According Lamarck, living organisms evolved from inanimate matter by a series of gradual steps. Lamarck was not the first to suggest that this might be the case, but the general consensus is that he was the one giving the subject his first comprehensive and thorough treatment.
The most popular story is that Lamarckism grew into an opponent to Charles Darwin's theory of evolutionary natural selection and both theories battled each other in the 19th century. Darwinism eventually won and led to the development of what biologists today refer to as the Modern Synthesis. The theory argues the possibility that acquired traits can be acquired through inheritance and instead argues that organisms evolve through the action of environmental factors, like natural selection.
While Lamarck believed in the concept of inheritance through acquired characters, and his contemporaries also paid lip-service to this notion however, it was not a major feature in any of their theories about evolution. This is partly because it was never scientifically validated.
It's been over 200 year since Lamarck's birth and in the field of genomics, there is an increasing evidence-based body of evidence to support the heritability-acquired characteristics. This is sometimes referred to as "neo-Lamarckism" or more commonly, epigenetic inheritance. It is a variant of evolution that is just as relevant as the more popular Neo-Darwinian model.
Evolution by the process of adaptation
One of the most popular misconceptions about evolution is that it is driven by a sort of struggle for survival. This is a false assumption and ignores other forces driving evolution. The fight for survival can be more precisely described as a fight to survive within a particular environment, which could involve not only other organisms but also the physical environment itself.
To understand how evolution works, it is helpful to understand what is adaptation. The term "adaptation" refers to any characteristic that allows living organisms to survive in its environment and reproduce. It can be a physiological feature, such as feathers or fur or a behavior, such as moving into shade in the heat or leaving at night to avoid cold.
The capacity of an organism to draw energy from its environment and interact with other organisms and their physical environment is essential to its survival. The organism needs to have the right genes to generate offspring, and must be able to locate enough food and other resources. The organism should also be able to reproduce itself at the rate that is suitable for its specific niche.
에볼루션 바카라 사이트 , together with gene flow and mutation result in an alteration in the percentage of alleles (different varieties of a particular gene) in the population's gene pool. As time passes, this shift in allele frequencies can result in the emergence of new traits and eventually new species.
Many of the features that we admire about animals and plants are adaptations, such as lung or gills for removing oxygen from the air, fur or feathers to protect themselves, long legs for running away from predators, and camouflage for hiding. However, a thorough understanding of adaptation requires a keen eye to the distinction between behavioral and physiological characteristics.
Physiological adaptations, like thick fur or gills are physical characteristics, whereas behavioral adaptations, such as the tendency to search for companions or to retreat to shade in hot weather, are not. In addition, it is important to note that a lack of forethought does not make something an adaptation. Inability to think about the consequences of a decision even if it appears to be rational, could make it inflexible.